Chiral separation and analysis

Lead William H Pirkle developed these CSPs and are  based on the ionic or covalent attachment of one enantiomer of an amino acid derivative to aminopropyl silica. Pirkle phases contain π-electron donor or acceptor rings substituted with H-bonding moieties. Donor–acceptor-type CSPs capitalize on synthetic or semi-synthetic chiral low-molecular-weight chiral selectors capable of recognizing chiral analytes by complementary assembly of nonionic attractive interactions. Basic design and types Generally speaking a chiral phase of the Pirkle type …

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Lead Cyclodextrin-based CSP belongs to the cavity type. Armstrong is considered the father of cyclodextrin-based CSPs. CDs are employed in various fields of analytical chemistry, due to their tendency to form reversible inclusion complexes and recognize chiral analytes. CDs are a type of macrocyclic D-(+)-glucopyranose oligomers linked by α-1,4-glycosidic linkages, as seen in Figure, under chemistry . The relevant oligomers for liquid chromatographic enantiomer separation are composed of 6(α-CD), 7(β-CD), and 8(γ-CD) monosaccharide units, in that order. …

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  Lead Surprisingly, chiral chromatography could not be performed in 1980 because there was no single chiral stationary phase on the market. But as the 1980s came to a close, chiral chromatography began to get more and more attention, thanks in large part to the efforts of Okamoto’s institute in Japan, Pirkle and Armstrong’s teams in the US, Schurig and König in Germany, Lindner in Austria, and Francotte in Switzerland. The most prevalent chiral polymers …

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Lead A wide range of chiral compounds have been examined as chiral selectors with regard to their ability to separate enantiomers using chromatography as part of the development of CSPs. From low-molecular-weight chemicals to polymers with both synthetic and biological origins, the chiral molecules investigated as potential CSs span almost the full spectrum of chemical and structural diversity. The search for effective CSs has so far led to the synthesis of more than 1400 CSPs, …

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Chiral stationary phases (CSPs) The most convenient and most popular analytical methodology to assess chiral purity is the direct separation of enantiomers on so-called chiral stationary phases (CSPs). CSPs consists of an (ideally) inert chromatographic support ( usually silica micro-particles) on to which the chiral selector (CS; single enantiomer of a chiral molecule) is physically coated (adsorption) or immobilization (covalently linked).   Basic concept The column is packed with a chiral selector (viz. polysaccharide or …

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Strategy The basic aspect is to provide the right chiral environment where by the enantiomeric pair become distinguishable. In HPLC how do we construct the chiral environment? To understand this let us look at the variables available, in the HPLC system, that can be exploited for this purpose. The following is a schematic diagram of a typical HPLC system. The are three variables namely the analyte, mobile phase and stationary phase that can be alerted …

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What is chiral chromatography? Chiral chromatography is now widely understood and applied in daily life. The correct phrase, however, is “enantioselective chromatography”. Chiral chromatography has developed into the most popular method for enantiomeric purity assessment and pure enantiomer separation, both on an analytical and preparative scale. The initial step in any investigation into enantioselective synthesis or separation is a chiral chromatographic assay. This includes employing strategies like High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), chiral supercritical fluid …

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