Valliappan Kannappan

Part 5. The Future of Chirality: Challenges and Innovations

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As the study of chirality enters its next phase, it remains at the forefront of scientific exploration, bridging disciplines such as chemistry, biology, pharmacology, and material science. The journey from its foundational discoveries to the transformative breakthroughs in asymmetric synthesis and pharmaceutical applications has established chirality as a fundamental concept in understanding and manipulating molecular asymmetry. This final chapter provides a holistic summary of chirality’s journey, its underpinnings, and where it is headed in the …

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P4. Catalysts of Change: Advancements in Asymmetric Synthesis

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Asymmetric synthesis is a cornerstone of modern chemistry, enabling the creation of enantiomerically pure compounds essential for pharmaceuticals, materials science, and biotechnology. From early challenges in chiral synthesis to groundbreaking innovations in catalysis, this chapter explores the transformative advancements in asymmetric synthesis, highlighting the scientists, their discoveries, and the profound impact on science and industry. The Challenge of Selectivity in Synthesis Synthesis of chiral compounds was once a formidable challenge. Early chemists struggled with racemic …

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P3. Chirality in Medicine: From Discovery to Disaster

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The intersection of chirality and medicine is a compelling narrative that reveals both the promise and peril of molecular asymmetry. From its earliest applications in pharmacology to the tragic consequences of overlooking enantiomeric differences, the role of chirality in medicine underscores the profound impact of stereochemistry on human health. This chapter delves into the breakthroughs, challenges, and lessons learned as chirality became a cornerstone of drug development. Early Discoveries: The Physiological Impact of Chirality The …

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P1. The Origins of Chirality: From Light to Life

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Lead Chirality – a concept rooted in the mirror-image asymmetry observed in nature – stands as a cornerstone of chemistry and pharmaceutical sciences. This journey begins in the early 19th century, where the interplay of physics, chemistry, and biology unveiled the mysterious world of chiral molecules. These pioneering explorations profoundly changed our understanding of molecular structures and their pivotal roles in biological and pharmaceutical applications. Étienne-Louis Malus: The First Step into the Polarized World In …

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The Future of Chiral Resolution: Green Chemistry and Sustainable Practices

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Lead Sustainability is becoming an increasingly important consideration across many industries, and chiral resolution is no exception. The separation of enantiomers, essential in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other sectors, has traditionally relied on methods that consume large amounts of energy, solvents, and other resources. As industries become more aware of the environmental impact of these processes, there is a growing movement toward more sustainable and eco-friendly practices in chiral resolution. 1. Why Sustainability is a Growing …

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Unconventional Approaches in Chiral Resolution: New Horizons

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Lead Chiral resolution has been an essential process in various industries, particularly pharmaceuticals, where separating enantiomers is critical for drug efficacy and safety. Traditional techniques such as chromatography, crystallization, and kinetic resolution have served as the backbone of chiral separation. However, these methods can be time-consuming, costly, and inefficient, especially at large scales. As industries evolve and demand for enantiopure compounds increases, there is a growing need for innovative and efficient methods of chiral resolution. …

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Innovations in Membrane and Kinetic Resolution for Chiral Separation

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Lead Chiral resolution techniques have long been a cornerstone in pharmaceutical and chemical industries, where separating enantiomers is crucial for producing safe and effective products. Among the most promising methods are membrane-based and kinetic resolution techniques, both of which have seen significant advancements in recent years. These methods are becoming increasingly relevant as industries seek more efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective approaches to chiral separation. 1. Overview of Membrane and Kinetic Techniques Membrane and kinetic resolution …

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Breaking Down the Methods: Chromatography and Crystallization in Chiral Resolution

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Lead Chiral resolution, the process of separating enantiomers, is crucial in various fields such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and food industries. Chirality, as discussed in previous sections, involves molecules that are mirror images of each other but cannot be superimposed. This seemingly subtle difference leads to enantiomers having different biological, chemical, and pharmacological properties. The importance of chiral resolution has increased, especially in pharmaceutical industries, where the efficacy and safety of drugs can vary dramatically between …

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The Fundamentals of Chiral Resolution: Why Chirality Matters

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Lead Chirality, a term derived from the Greek word “cheir,” meaning hand, is a fundamental concept in chemistry and biology that refers to the geometric property of an object not being superimposable on its mirror image. Much like our hands, chiral molecules exist in pairs known as enantiomers, which are mirror images of each other but cannot be aligned perfectly. Despite having the same molecular composition, these enantiomers can behave differently in biological systems due …

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Chiral Bioequivalence – An Explainer  

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Introduction Chirality, or “handedness,” is the unique property of molecules that exist as non-superimposable mirror images, known as enantiomers. Drugs that exhibit handedness are referred to as chiral drugs. Chiral medications consisting of an equal (1:1) mixture of enantiomers are called Racemic drugs. In drug development, chirality is incredibly important because most biological molecules, like enzymes and receptors, are chiral. This characteristic affects how a drug interacts with biological targets, leading to significant differences in …

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